Wzhou free essay sample

Microscopic Structure of Blood Vessels Observations Sketch your slide in the space below and label the structures indicated in the procedure. Be sure to include a description of the structures you observed on the slide A. Describe the three layers of the wall of an artery. The slide looks like a river with few whirlpools. And â€Å"whirlpools† has three layers they are: 1 Tunica intima. 2 Tunica Media. 3 Tunica Adventitia. B. How do arterial walls differ from venous walls? Arterial walls are made of elastic material and are always open. Venous wall are mainly smooth muscle, and are usually collapsed. C. What is the function of valves in the peripheral veins? The valves help the blood to go in one direction against gravity up towards the heart and prevent it from relaxing down. D. Why are arteries deeper than veins in the body? Blood is the fluid carried by the vascular system. It consists of formed elements (blood cells) and liquid (plasma). Arteries are vital for the continuation of blood flow to the body, they are deeper in the body so they are protected In addition to that they are also kept warmer that way to allow for the best blood flow Exercise 2: Identifying the Major Arteries and Veins on a Cat Questions A. From the aortic arch to the superior vena cava, list the major arteries and veins that deliver and drain blood from the head of the cat. Brachiocephalic artery, subclavian artery, common carotid artery , axillaries artery, left sub scapular artery, left brachial artery, left thyrocervical artery, left transverse scapular artery, facial vein, jugular vein. B. Name the blood vessels that deliver and drain blood to and from the heart. veins carry blood toward the heart. eins make a vranching system that carries blood from smaller veins into larger veins. venules are the smallest types of veins and collect blood from the capillaries and transport it to small veins, which then transport to medium-sized veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They handle the surges of blood pressure from the ventricular systole. C. Describe the branching of the aorta as it leaves the heart. Where does it go? Blood is pumped from the heart, it passes across the arotic valve, and then throught the aorta, where it is then distrivuted through a system of smaller arteries. The aorta first leaves the heart and brings blood towards the head as the ascending aorta. As the aorta turns towards the left side of the body, it gives off branches to the upper body and the brain as the aortic arch. The aorta next travels down the chest, where it is called the descending aorta. The descending aorta continues through the abdomen as the abdominal aorta, where it supplies the abdominal organs before dividing to provide arteries for each leg (the iliac arteries). D. Name the major arteries and veins that deliver and drain blood to and from the upper appendages. Right Side of the Body: Palmar venous arches drain hands and fingers while cephalic veins empty into axillary vein. Medin cubital vein connects cephalic and basic vein at the elbow. Radial veins drain lateral side of forearm and ulnar vein drains medial side of the forearm. Axillary vein drains the axillary areas and empties into axillary vein. On the toher hand, subclavian vein drains blood from the shoulder. Left Side of the Body: Left subclavian artery supplies blood to the shoulder area. Axillary artery supplies blood to the upper arm while brachial artery supply upper arm region below the elbow. Radial artery supply lateral side of forearm, ulnar artery supply medial side of the forearm, and palmar arches supplies hand and fingers (Wright, 1993) E. List the arteries that branch from the descending abdominal aorta to the femoral artery. Mesentaric artery, vena cava, abdominal aorta iliolumbar artery and vein common iliac vein, iliac artery, iliac vein. F. What is the large vein that enters the liver? Where do its branches originate from? Lower vena cava. Branch root is another name for lateral root. Originates from the pericycle G. Name the major artery and vein that deliver and drain blood to and from the kidneys. The main artery that supplies blood to the kidney is called the renal artery. H. What are the differences (if any) you noticed between the major arteries and veins in the human versus those in the cat? In the human, the right common carotid artery branches from the brachiocephalic artery, whereas the left common carotid artery comes directly from the aortic arch. In the cat, both common carotid arteries branch from the brachiocephalic artery. Conclusion Do some research on the internet about deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What is this condition? What causes it? How can it be treated? Write a report about your findings and be sure to include the sources you used for your research. Deep vein thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in your legs. The patient will feel pain and it can cause pulmonary embolism. The PE is when the thrombus breaks off into the bloodstream and blocks the vessels in the lungs and this could cause death. But a lot time there no any symptoms of DVT. The causes of deep vein thrombosis are when you’re sitting still for a long time. For example when traveling by plane or car, or when people have certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots. When you have any symptoms of DVT, first the doctor will need find where the blood clot in your leg is. Then your will be treated with anticoagulant medicines to reduce the risk that the blood clot getting bigger or breaks off and getting into your lungs. Also the doctor may inject a medicine into the clot that is thrombolytic therapy to dissolve the clot. And also you can do some to prevent the clot. You can elevate your leg when possible, take walks, and wear compression stockings.